The most common of these tubes was called the thyratron. Most lamps are filled with additional materials, like mercury, sodium, andor metal. A gasdischarge lamp that uses electricity to produce visible light by an electric arc inside a tube filled with gas and metal salts. Typically, such lamps use a noble gas argon, neon, krypton and xenon or a mixture of these gases. Types of highintensity discharge lamps mercury vapor lamps shortwave uv, a result of the decay of mercury atom electrons from an excited to a stable state, is readily transmitted through the inner quartz tube but is virtually blocked by the outer glass envelope during normal operation.
Wilson on electric discharge lamps and their applications to. Gasdischarge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an. While gasdischarge lamps are more commonly used as sources of illumination, their hysteric properties were leveraged in slightly more sophisticated variants known as thyratron tubes. Leds are semiconductor devices that produces light when an electrical current applied to them. Some lamps produce ultraviolet radiation which is converted to visible light by a fluorescent coating on the inside of the lamp s glass surface. Mar 20, 2011 a gas or vapours subjected to an electrical discharge emits luminous radiation electroluminescence of gases. C the electrodes are housed at the two ends of the tube. When an electric current is passed through a gas, the gas emits light. A deuterium arc lamp or simply deuterium lamp is a lowpressure gasdischarge light source often used in spectroscopy when a continuous spectrum in the ultraviolet region is needed plasma arc or discharge lamps using hydrogen are notable for their high output in the ultraviolet, with comparatively little output in the visible and infrared. Neon lamps are gas discharge lamps that contain neon gas at a low pressure, enveloped in a glass capsule. Gas discharge lamps emit light when electric light is passed through the gas. Components of a germicidal lamp fill gas all are essentially high vacuum lamps, filled to a very low pressure with one or more. The gas filling, the cathode, the anode, other electrodes,the envelope.
Fluorescent lamps are a special class of gas discharge lamps where the electric current produces mostly invisible uv light which is turned into visible light by a special phosphor coating on the interior of the tube. Comparison between discharge and led lighting fixtures. Discussion of phenomena in connection with one of them can also apply to others, which enables the author to emphasize unique aspects of behavior in each type of lamp. Product end of life instructions schneider electric. Us455069a us455069da us455069a us 455069 a us455069 a us 455069a us 455069d a us455069d a us 455069da us 455069 a us455069 a us 455069a authority us united states prior art keywords globe current lamp wires refractory prior art date 18910630 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Neon gas discharge gives a characteristic red light. How to make low pressure gas discharge tubes duration. A mercury vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp that produces light via an electric arc through vaporized mercury. Most of these lamps use a noble gas, or a combination of noble gases, but they often contain other materials, such as mercury, sodium or metal halides.
Some drivers have great results in using the hid headlights, whereas others find disadvantages to using them. American, irving langmuir invented an electric gasfilled tungsten lamp in 1915. Figure 3a shows a typical curve of discharge potential drop versus current when a lamp is operated from a dc power source. Depending on several factors, the discharge may radiate visible light. The gas types,pressures, electronic emission, ignition and extinction, the discharge plasma, types of discharges ch1. Expired lifetime application number us97278a inventor rompe robert thouret wolfgang. In 1792, the first commercial use of gas lighting began when william murdoch used coal gas for lighting his house in redruth, cornwall. Dec 18, 2015 gas discharge lamps can produce a wide range of colors. Electric discharge lamps may be named after the filling gas or vapor that is responsible for the major portion of the radiation. The passage of an electric current through this gas vapour produces light or ultraviolet radiation.
Electricdischarge lamp definition of electricdischarge. In lowpressure mercury vapor lamps, only the lines at 184 and 253 nanometers nm are present. Gas discharge lamp simple english wikipedia, the free. This book brings together an extraordinary amount of data on all the major types of electric discharge lamps which are now in commercial use. Electric discharge in gases occurs when electric current flows through a gaseous medium due to ionization of the gas. Gendre eindhoven university of technology department of applied physics group elementary processes in gas discharge nlaag, g2. A gas discharge lamp consists of a transparent gas discharge enclosure containing a small quantity of gas or vapour at a low pressure and two electrodes provided for connecting the lamp to the supply mains. Most lamps are filled with additional materials, like mercury, sodium, andor metal halides. Mercury vapour in a neon lamp gives a bluish light. S0963025200155926 introduction to gas discharges n st j braithwaite the open university, oxford research unit, foxcombe hall, boars hill, oxford ox1 5hr, uk received 1 december 1999, in. The properties of electric discharges in gases are studied in connection with design of lighting sources and in the design of high voltage electrical equipment.
They produce light when an electric current passes between two electrodes also called. We offer you gas discharge lamps at low prices with a fast delivery. Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps sparkgaps. Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources or lamps. Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electric discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma. The discharge was obtained by combining two metal or graphite rods in atmospheric air.
A discharge lamp consists essentially of a tube of glass, quartz or other suitable material, containing a gas and, in most cases, a metal vapour. Types and characteristics of discharge lamps historically, discharge lamps represented, in the nineteenth century, the first forms of electric lighting, even before the invention of the incandescent lamps. The behavior of electrons in mercury vapor under the influence of electric field is of vital interest in modeling of the gasdischarge lamps 1 23, lasers 4,5 and in special applications. Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps sparkgaps h01t. From about 1900, practical electric discharge lamps were in use in europe and the united states. The gas types,pressures, electronic emission, ignition and extinction, the discharge plasma, types of discharges. Mar 15, 2020 a fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour lamp that uses fluorescence to deliver visible light. The french inventor georges claude was the first to use neon gas, about 1910. Gas discharge lamps have a high light output per watt and have a long live expectancy. Although gas discharge lamps have tremendous advantages over incandescent lamps, they require an auxiliary apparatus called a ballast to run with them because gas discharge lamps have negative incremental impedance.
The behavior of electrons in mercury vapor under the influence of electric field is of vital interest in modeling of the gas discharge lamps 1 23, lasers 4,5 and in special applications. Gas discharge lamps can produce a wide range of colors. Discharge lamps generate electromagnetic radiation by means of an electric current passing through a gas or metal vapor. Different type of lamps for luminous electrical notes. Gasfilled tubes exploit phenomena related to electric discharge in gases, and operate by ionizing the gas with an applied voltage sufficient to cause electrical conduction by the underlying phenomena of the townsend discharge. A gas discharge lamp that uses electricity to produce visible light by an electric arc inside a tube filled with gas and metal salts. The lamp was invented at least as early as 70,000 bce. Fluorescent lamp and working principle of fluorescent lamp.
Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. Highintensity discharge hid lamps are similar to fluorescents in that an arc is generated between two electrodes. Lamps led discharge induction fluorescent lamps hid lamps linear compact fluorescent low pressure sodium mercury high pressure. An electric current in the gas energizes mercury vapor which delivers ultraviolet radiation through discharge process and the ultraviolet radiation causes the phosphor coating of the lamp inner wall to radiate visible light. A fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour lamp that uses fluorescence to deliver visible light. This radiation is discrete, as opposed to the continuous radiation emitted by an incandescent filament. The french astronomer jean picard observed 1675 a faint glow in a mercurybarometer tube when it was agitated, but the cause of the glow static electricity was not then understood. Electricdischarge lamps may be named after the filling gas or vapor that is responsible for the major portion of the radiation. Electric discharge lamp, also called vapour lamp, lighting device consisting of a transparent container within which a gas is energized by an applied voltage and thereby made to glow. Advantage and drawbacks of hid headlights audiomotive. Led and conventional lighting systems comparison study. More advanced gasdischarge tubes have been made with control elements so that their turnon voltage could be adjusted by an external signal. Waymouth remarks that well over half the total amount of light produced in this country, and perhaps the world, is produced by electric discharge lamps.
Gas discharge lamps have a long life and a high efficiency, but they are more complicated to manufacture, which makes them more expensive to buy than incandescent lamps. The ionization degree may vary anywhere from 100% to 10 4 10 6 i. Its scope has been limited, however, to a few resources which. The advantages and disadvantages of high intensity discharge lamps. Fluorescent lamps, neon signs, and mercuryvapor and sodiumvapor lamps are common examples of this kind of electric lighting, called gasdischarge lamps. A gasdischarge lamp is an electric light using a gasfilled tube. Aug 20, 2016 these lamps operates at a very low temperature 200. Series of streamers of liquid drop, obtained by gas discharge visualization. Gasdischarge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas. Typically, such lamps use a noble gas argon, neon, krypton, and xenon or a mixture of these gases.
These lamps produce light by sending electricity through an ionized gas. Simple gasdischarge tubes such as neon lamps exhibit electrical hysteresis. Since this gas does not conduct at normal temperature and pressure, the discharge is produced by generating charged particles which permit ionization of the gas. Arc lamp or arc light is the general term for a class of lamps that produce light by an electric arc. Lamp, a device for producing illumination, consisting originally of a vessel containing a wick soaked in combustible material, and subsequently such other lightproducing instruments as gas and electric lamps. Two centuries of electric light source innovations maxime f. An electric arc is an electrical breakdown of a gas, which produces an ongoing plasma discharge, resulting from a current through normally nonconductive media such as air. A gasdischarge lamp that uses electricity to produce visible light by. Us2103041a us97278a us9727836a us2103041a us 2103041 a us2103041 a us 2103041a us 97278 a us97278 a us 97278a us 9727836 a us9727836 a us 9727836a us 2103041 a us2103041 a us 2103041a authority us united states prior art keywords container electrodes appendage discharge lamp electric discharge prior art date 19350829 legal status the legal.
Essentially a gasfilled triode tube a triode being a threeelement vacuum electron tube performing much a similar function to the nchannel, dtype igfet, the. Make sure to use the right socket when changing your gas discharge lamp. Medium pressure mercury discharge mediumpressure lamps are more similar to hid lamps than fluorescent lamps. Due to their greater efficiency, gas discharge lamps replacing incandescent light bulbs for many purposes in the late 20th century. German inventor freidrich winzer winsor was the first person to patent coal gas lighting in 1804 and a thermolampe using gas distilled from wood was patented in 1799. Gas lighting for streets gave way to lowpressure sodium and highpressure mercury lighting in the 1930s and the development of the electric lighting at the turn of the 19th century replaced gas lighting in homes. Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas. This type of lamp involves an internal electrical discharge being created between two electrodes in a gas filled chamber. The character of the gas discharge critically depends on the frequency or modulation of the current. The nature, pressure and temperature of the gas determine the light. Most vehicles contain highintensity discharge hid lamps. Its scope has been limited, however, to a few resources which together. A gas or vapours subjected to an electrical discharge emits luminous radiation electroluminescence of gases.
Gasdischarge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by. Plasmas are cathegorized in hightemperature or fusion plasmas and lowtemperature plasmas or gas discharges. Electric discharge lamps share a number of common features, such as those associated with a radiating body of gas and certain properties of plasmas. What are some of the main uses for discharge lamps.
Gases that emit light wisconsin initiative for science. The arc discharge is generally confined to a small fused quartz arc tube mounted within a larger borosilicate glass bulb. At the tenth annual conference at margate of the association of public lighting engineers, a paper was read on september 5 by mr. The lightemitting diodes led are assembled into retrofit led lamps with standardized.
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